氚水在模拟水稻田中的消长动力学(续)

对进入水稻田中的氚水在连作晚稻阶段的迁移，输运动态过程的研究表明，滞留于早稻田中的氚水继续为晚稻摄取；与早稻情况一样，氚水中的氚仍以自由水氚和结合氚形式滞留在晚稻田各分室中，晚稻田水中和土肿的氚浓度均随时间单调地减少；晚稻地上部及根中的自由水氚及结合态氚浓度在采样期间也基本上随时间降低。     

The hierarchy and spatial characteristics of ecosystems: A reconsideration of the ecosystem concept (II)

This paper, based on the autonomy concept, continues to investigate hierarchical forms and spatial structure of ecosystems. The former can lead to limits for the selection of the component parts of an ecosystem and a distinction between its endogenous and exogenous variables; and the latter can be lead to a hypothesis of the space of an ecosystem: the space of an ecosystem = its habitat area + supporting area + impact area, and two characteristics of ecosystems, space-overlapping and the area of ecosystem space, have been further studied referring to human activities.     

Spatial variations in daily average CO2 concentrations above wetland surface of Xianghai National Nature Reserve, China

Horizontal and vertical variations of daily average CO2 concentration above the wetland surface were studied in Xianghai National Nature Reserve of China in August, 2000. The primary purpose was to study spatial distribution characteristics of CO2 concentration on the four levels of height(0.1 m, 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 2 m) and compare the differences of CO2 concentration under different land covers. Results showed that daily average CO2 concentration above wetland surface in Xianghai National Natural Reserve was lower than that above other wetlands in northeast China as well as the worldwide average, suggesting that Xianghai wetland absorbed CO2 in August and acted as“sink” of CO2. The horizontal variations on the four levels of height along the latitude were distinct, and had the changing tendency of“decreasing after increasing” with the increase of height. The areas with obvious variations were consistent on different levels of height,and those with the highest variations appeared above surface of shore, sloping field, Typha wetland and Phragmites wetland; the vertical variations were greatly different, with the higher variations in Phragmites wetland and Typha wetland, and the lands near the shore and the sloping field with the lower variations. Spatial variations of daily average CO2 concentrations above wet!and surface were affected by surface qualities and land covers.     

偏二甲肼污染及治理方法评价

阐述了偏二甲肼 (Unsymmetricaldimethyl-hydrazine ,简称UDMH)对人体致毒机理 ,对环境的污染特征 ,着重对偏二甲肼污染治理中的臭氧氧化法、自然降解法、离子树脂交换法、活性炭吸附法等技术进行了综合评价 ,并提出了TiO2 光催化氧化法及光和细菌降解偏二甲肼的研究方向。     

东海赤潮及其监视监测

赤潮是一种海洋生态异常现象，是海洋生态系统受损与退化的表征与警示。近20a以来，东海赤潮频发，且影响范围不断扩大、持续时间增长，并呈逐年上升趋势，在一定程度上制约了东海区沿海省市海洋经济的发展。开展有害赤潮常规监测和应急监视监测是当前赤潮监控中最为有效手段。本文系统回顾和总结了近20a来东海区赤潮发生特点，以及在东海区开展的赤潮监视监测工作，并对21世纪东海赤潮监视监测进行了简要展望。     

云南白秧坪多金属成矿区构造特征及其控矿作用

通过区域地质构造、矿区构造特征分析 ,论述了云南白秧坪多金属成矿区东矿带、西矿带的主要地质构造特征及其构造控矿作用 ,并探讨了区域构造导矿与成矿及其对成矿带的控制作用、小型褶皱及推覆构造对矿床的控制作用、次级断裂对矿体的控制作用、构造环境下岩石的屏蔽与容矿作用和构造环境中碳质来源及其成矿作用等问题     

锌镉还原法的海水硝酸盐浓度

按照《海洋调查规范》(1991)中锌镉还原法 ,用三对基体来配制NO3 -标准溶液 :NaCl水 (31gNaCl加纯水至 1L)与无氮东海海水ECS、《海洋调查规范》(1991)人工海水SAS(NaCl水加MgSO4)与ECS和Strick land Parsons(1972 )人工海水SP72 (SAS加NaHCO3 )与ECS。经测定 ,且忽略标准曲线方程的截距 ,纯水与ECS的NO3 -还原率比为 0 .2 6 6 ,NaCl水与ECS的比为 0 .70 6 ,SAS与ECS的比为 0 .90 1,而SP72与ECS的比则为1.0 0 9。显然 ,用ECS和等价的SP72定出的值最接近天然海水中NO3 -的浓度。由《海洋调查规范》(1991)SAS定出的浓度须乘上 0 .90 1～ 0 .95 6后才接近海水中NO3 -浓度。     

11种有机磷农药对海洋微藻致毒效应的研究

通过研究不同盐度条件下１１种有机磷农药对扁藻的相对增长率和叶绿素ａ含量的影响，得到了Ｓ＝３０和Ｓ＝２０时的半数有效浓度，并比较其大小。盐度作为环境因子，影响到有机磷农药的毒性。研究发现，遥有机磷农药在低浓度时出现一定限度的促生长作用；容易进攻细胞膜的有机磷农药对扁藻的致毒性相对较强；此外，有机磷农药的毒性大小与其结构密切相关含有苯环结构的有机磷农药毒性大小不含有苯 有机磷农药的毒性。     

活性污泥法的多变量最优控制Ⅰ.基础理论与DO浓度对运行费用的影响

在现有的关于活性污泥法最优控制研究的基础上，首次提出了以两个最重要的控制参数污泥排放量和溶解氧浓度（ＤＯ）为控制变量、以出水水质为约束条件、以运行费用为性能指标的活性污泥法多变量最优控制的研究问题，并着重进行了基础研究．首先建立了最优控制所必要的基本状态方程与性能指标的泛函表达式．然后通过计算研究了在满足同一出水质量前提下控制不同的ＤＯ浓度时所需要的运行费用．结果表明，ＤＯ为０９ｍｇ／Ｌ时所需运行费用最少，这与主张应当维持ＤＯ浓度大于２ｍｇ／Ｌ的传统观点相比相差甚远；衰减速率常数Ｋｄ不受ＤＯ影响的假设也不合理．     

海河流域土壤中氮的分布特征

对海河流域不同土壤类型中各形态氮的含量分布、水平及其垂直变化进行探讨,研究了在一定条件下土壤中氮的自然富集、增减途径、自然循环环境及分布特征,为研究该区氮的库存量、流通量以及自然循环奠定基础.